From Coalition of Native and Allies: www.coalitionofnativesandallies.org
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Tuesday, January 14, 2025
In the Footsteps of Our Ancestors
Tuesday, December 10, 2024
National Monument at Carlisle?
graves of children at Carlisle Indian Industrial School
NOTE: I've been to Carlisle to see what is left of that school. I've been to Jim Thorpe, PA where the Olympic Athlete is still buried. Nothing, no words, no building or a gravesite can bring back the millions and millions who were murdered on this soil... The colonizer's goal of genocide was a success, by also burying the truth...Trace
President Joe Biden designated a national monument at a former Native American boarding school site in Pennsylvania to commemorate the resilience of tribes whose children were forced to attend the school and similar abusive institutions
HARRISBURG, Pa. -- President Joe Biden designated a national monument at a former Native American boarding school in Pennsylvania on Monday to honor the resilience of Indigenous tribes whose children were forced to attend the school and hundreds of similar abusive institutions.
The creation of the Carlisle Federal Indian Boarding School National Monument — announced during a tribal leaders summit at the White House — is intended to confront what Biden referred to as a “dark chapter” in the nation's history.
“We're not about erasing history. We're about recognizing history — the good, the bad and the ugly,” Biden said. “I don't want people forgetting 10, 20, 30, 50 years from now and pretend it didn't happen.”
Thousands of Native children passed through the notorious Carlisle Indian Industrial School between 1879 and 1918, including Olympian Jim Thorpe. They came from dozens of tribes under forced assimilation policies that were meant to erase Native American traditions and “civilize" the children so they would better fit into white society.
It was the first school of its type and became a template for a network of government-backed Native American boarding schools that ultimately expanded to at least 37 states and territories.
“About 7,800 children from more than 140 tribes were sent to Carlisle — stolen from their families, their tribes and their homelands. It was wrong making the Carlisle Indian school a national model,” Biden told the White House summit.
Thorpe's great-grandson, James Thorpe Kossakowski, called Biden's designation an important and “historic” step toward broadening Americans' understanding of the federal government's forced assimilation policy.
“It's very emotional for me to walk around, to look at the area where my great-grandfather had gone through school, where he had met my great-grandmother, where they were married, where he stayed in his dorm room, where he worked out and trained,” Kossakowski, 54, of Elburn, Illinois, said in an interview.
The children were often taken against the will of their parents, and an estimated 187 Native American and Alaska Native children died at the institution in Carlisle, including from tuberculosis and other diseases.
There are ongoing efforts to return the children's remains, which were buried on the school's grounds, to their homelands.
“They represent 50 tribal nations from Alaska to New Mexico to New York and I think that symbolizes how horrific Carlisle was,” said Beth Margaret Wright, a Native American Rights Fund lawyer. She has represented tribes trying to get the Army to return their children's remains and is a member of the Pueblo of Laguna, which has children still buried there.
Carlisle was a model for many other schools that came after it and a huge majority of tribal nations that exist today have stories of their children being sent to Carlisle, Wright said.
In September, the remains of three children who died at Carlisle were disinterred and returned to the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation in Montana.
At least 973 Native American children died at government-funded boarding schools that operated for more than 150 years, according to an Interior Department investigation.
During a dozen public listening sessions over the past several years hosted by the Interior Department, survivors of the schools recalled being beaten, forced to cut their hair and punished for using their native languages.
The forced assimilation policy officially ended with the enactment of the Indian Child Welfare Act in 1978. But the government never fully investigated the boarding school system until the Biden administration.
Biden in October apologized on behalf of the U.S. government for the schools and the policies that supported them.
Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, whose grandparents were taken to boarding schools against their families’ will, said no single action would adequately address the harms caused by the schools. But she said the administration's efforts have made a difference and the new monument would allow the American people to learn more about the government's harmful policies.
“This trauma is not new to Indigenous people, but it is new for many people in our nation," Haaland said in a statement.
The schools, similar institutions and related assimilation programs were funded by a total of $23.3 billion in inflation-adjusted federal spending, officials determined. Religious and private institutions that ran many of the schools received federal money as partners in the assimilation campaign.
Monday's announcement marks the seventh national monument created by Biden, who has also altered or enlarged several others. In 2021, he restored the boundaries of two monuments, Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante, on land in southern Utah that's sacred to tribes after the monuments were shrunk under former President Donald Trump.
The 25-acre site (10 hectares) in central Pennsylvania will be managed by the National Park Service and the U.S. Army. The site is part of the campus of the U.S. Army War College.
For Wright, one of the most powerful places at the Carlisle school are the imprints of since-removed tracks for trains that delivered children there.
“There's no longer train tracks there, but you can see where they might have been and where their children would have arrived for the first time and seen a place so far away and seen a place so horrific,” Wright said.
Native American tribes and conservation groups are pressing for more monument designations before Biden leaves office.
Monday, November 4, 2024
DO MORE THAN APOLOGIZE: Native American Leaders Call Again for Action After Boarding Schools Apology
The
exact number of children who were forced into boarding schools in the
U.S. for over 150 years is unknown, due to poor record keeping, but
nearly 19,000 have been confirmed. Physical, sexual and psychological
abuse was rampant at the schools often run by religious institutions.
Some children were referred to only as numbers, pre-teen girls were raped and sent home pregnant. Thousands never returned home.
Addressing
the public on the Gila River Reservation outside of Phoenix, Arizona on
October 25, President Joe Biden fulfilled a long-delayed promise to
visit Indian country and called the boarding school system a “sin on our
soul,” adding there was “no excuse” for how long-overdue the
acknowledgement was and that “no apology can or will make up for what
was lost during the darkness of the federal boarding school policy. But
today, we’re finally moving forward into the light.”
The timing of the visit has also been noted as a tactic in the swing state to woo Native voters to cast votes for Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris. But many Native Americans are frustrated by government inaction to adequately protect lands, provide access to quality education and healthcare, and enact an arms embargo against Israel.
Survivors and descendants both acknowledge how meaningful Biden’s speech was after centuries of fighting for recognition from the federal government, and call on the administration to act swiftly on the apology.
“In his last two weeks in office, we demand that President Biden also pass S.1723/H.R.7227: The Truth and Healing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies Act,” said the Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, a nonprofit that has worked with survivors and Tribal leaders for over a decade to educate about the system and facilitate repatriations.
The legislation would provide a path for investing in language and culture revitalization efforts, educating the American public on the system via museums or curricula, and establishing trauma-informed mental health resources.
It would also enable subpoenas to be used to investigate the scale of the system: Catholic entities have been able to hold onto private records for decades, some of which contain the only known photographs or remnants of survivors’ ancestors. Reintroduced in both the Senate and House last year, the bill has yet to reach a vote.
The mental and physical health concerns of survivors and lack of widespread reconciliation reached national spotlight earlier this year when the Interior Department released its final investigative report on the system, which revealed at least 1,000 Indigenous children died or were killed. The schools operated using over $23 billion federal dollars, adjusted for inflation.
Left:
Portrait of Justin Shedee (Apache) from 1889 (Cumberland County
Historical Society) Right: Letter from Justin Shedee expressing his wish
to leave Carlisle (National Archives and Records Administration via
Carlisle Indian School Digital Resource Center)Thousands were subject to child labor to operate facilities and be “outed,” working without wage for white families near the schools.
Angelique Albert, a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and chief executive of the nation’s largest direct scholarship provider for Native students, Native Forward, referred to the boarding schools not as places of education but as places of “extermination.”
Just as slavery was used as the tool to harm Black people across the Americas, “education was the tool to harm us, to assimilate us. That’s the tool where we lost our children,” Albert said, adding that the apology is a testament to the work done by Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the nation’s first Native American cabinet member and former recipient of their scholarships, to unearth survivor testimony and investigate the system.
“She’s in the very position that implemented the boarding schools. Do you understand? It gives me chills,” Albert said, emphasizing how critical it is for the federal government to maintain close relationships with Tribal nations and put more funding behind college access for Native youth so their voices can be heard in positions they’ve been historically excluded from.
While the apology, however late, is a “critical first step in the truth and reconciliation process for Native and Indigenous communities,” Albert stressed, “Indian boarding school policies are not a horror of the past — these institutions operated through 1969, and many Native people who were subjected to these cruel policies are still living today.”
The boarding school system, while the focus of President Biden’s remarks, was not the only widespread, forced removal of Native children. Throughout the 60s and 70s, over a third were removed from their families and overwhelmingly placed in non-Indian homes after discriminatory welfare investigations.
In Washington, Native children were placed in foster care and adopted at rates 19 times greater than their peers. The practice was widespread until 1978’s Indian Child Welfare Act was passed by Congress, who stated “wholesale separation of Indian children from their families is perhaps the most tragic and destructive aspect of American Indian life today.”
Native populations now face disproportionately poor health outcomes, including the highest rates of substance abuse, suicidal ideation and chronic illnesses, which researchers have linked to centuries of genocide, disinvestment and generational trauma.
Following Biden’s address, an Indigenous collective gathered to pray, mourn, sing and push for more action in South Dakota, on the lands of what will soon be the Oceti Sakowin Community Academy, a “culture-based school” for Lakota, Dakota and Nakota children.
“Tonight, we took to the land and reminded the world that we are the children of survivors … We will honor our ancestors by holding this country accountable for what it has done to our people,” NDN Collective president Nick Tilsen said in a release. “The U.S. government tried to exterminate and erase us. We will continue to remind them they have failed at doing so, and the warrior spirit of our ancestors lives in all of us.”
SOURCE: https://www.yahoo.com/news/native-american-leaders-call-again-163000761.html
One word not found in President Biden’s apology is "domination"
But instead of acknowledging the U.S. government’s ongoing claim of a right of domination over Native nations, Biden’s remarks made it seem as if all of that ended a long time ago. It’s called “A Lie of Omission” by leaving it unmentioned and out of focus. (How funny that the word “mission” is embedded in the word “omission”).
OP-ED: https://stevennewcomb.substack.com/p/on-bidens-recent-apology-for-the
Monday, September 30, 2024
They are finally HOME
Oglala children, Native boarding school victims laid to rest in weekend-long ceremony
The remains of three Oglala Lakota students who died while attending the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in the 1890s were returned home this month and reburied in their South Dakota homelands
OGLALA, S.D. — As darkness descended, the procession to rebury Samuel Flying Horse (also known as Tasunke Kinyela) made its way along a dirt road to the Brave Blue Horse Family Cemetery outside of Oglala, S.D., on Sunday, Sept. 22. The memorial service and community gathering had run behind schedule and now the blue skies that marked the day and golden light of the setting sun were gone.
Samuel died as a student at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School and waited 131 years to be disinterred and returned to his homeland. Those gathered were not about to let darkness make him wait longer.
Approximately 20 vehicles in an open field encircled and directed their headlights on the small fenced-in cemetery. The pounding of the drum, the singing of songs, and prayers drifted up as pinpoints of starlight began dotting the night sky. Eventually, a group of men lowered Samuel’s casket, covered in a star quilt and a bouquet of red roses, into the ground. Samuel was now part of the land he had left behind in 1891.
Along with Fannie Charging Shield and James Cornman, Sameul was reburied on the Pine Ridge Reservation this past weekend. Fannie and James were buried at St. Julius Cemetery in Porcupine on Saturday, following a community gathering at the Pahin Sinte Owayawa School to celebrate the homecoming of the three Oglala Lakota students. Samuel was reburied the following day.
They died in the early 1890s as students of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School, the first federally run, off-reservation boarding school for Native Americans. Approximately 8,000 Native American students attended the school in a misguided attempt at forceful assimilation into white civilization by cutting all links in their cultural chain. It became the model for more than 400 schools across 37 states and territories in the U.S. and provided a blueprint for Canada’s notorious residential school system.
The three students were among the estimated 232 students who died during its years of operation from 1879 to 1918. Each passed from tuberculosis, then called consumption. It was the leading cause of death at the Carlisle school.
The dream
It wasn’t until the three students came home to Pine Ridge a week earlier that Corrine Brave, 70, checked her family tree and realized she was a relative of Samuel Flying Horse, who school records indicate was an orphan. With some trepidation, she stepped forward to claim Samuel and offer a burial site.
As the mourners gathered, illuminated by the headlights of the surrounding cars, Corrine Brave told the gathering the story of a dream she had had the night before. A figure of a man descended a steep series of steps toward her. He kept slipping and falling, appearing to be legless. She could not make out the features of his face, but his voice was distinct. As he got closer, he said “wopilayelo” (the male version of thank you) to her four times. She felt the man was Samuel.
The dream woke her.
“I sat straight up, looked around thinking I was hearing things,” she recalled. “Then I said to myself, ‘Thank you. Thank you.’ … So that's when I knew I was doing the right thing for my relative,” Brave said.
“It was for love – the love of my relatives, the love of my family. … I just really felt that in my heart that there was a relationship between us.” She began to think of herself in the role of an auntie.
He was buried beside his namesake, her late brother Samuel Brave.
The 'peaceful war'
The weekend’s ceremonies started Saturday morning when a convoy of nearly 25 cars made their way from Pine Ridge through the rolling hills. It traveled along the Chief Bigfoot Highway past the Wounded Knee Massacre site. It was a morning to celebrate and memorialize the three students.
Fannie, James and Samuel left home for Carlisle in the name of education. The students did not realize they were taking part in a “peaceful war,” one fought in the classroom using education as the ammunition to force assimilation and cultural destruction. Books and blackboards were deemed a cheaper solution to “the Indian problem” than bullets and battlefields.
The school, located on a vacant U.S. Army base in Pennsylvania, was run in a military fashion. It was only fitting that upon their return they be memorialized in a school, Pahin Sinte Owayawa, in Porcupine, S.D.
It was the graduation day they had not lived to see.
The three caskets were carried into the school gym and placed in ceremonial tipis. About 100 community members and students sat in folding chairs and bleachers. They gathered to gain knowledge from all the students had endured over a century before by traversing 1,500 miles across the country to a school that had all intentions of erasing their culture. The trio of students and their experiences had become the teachers. Courage, perseverance and overcoming adversity were their subjects. It was their time to be honored.
“They were innocent, and they were raised right. And when they went to Carlisle, their parents got them ready,” Pat Janis, a medicine man and relative of Fannie Charging Shield, had said the previous day in an interview with ICT. “They said, ‘This is a different way than we live, but you got to go forward. You got to learn these things. This is the way we're going to live now. So you got to have strength. You got to have courage and do your best. Get educated. You're going to help us.’ So they prepared them. Although those students didn't want to go there … they took it as a warrior. … They said, ‘I'm scared. I don't know what this is, but my parents believe in me, and they want me to move forward into this way of life. I'm not selling out our people.’”
A question becomes a movement
The movement to repatriate the remains of students from the Carlisle cemetery began in 2015, when the Sicangu Youth Council of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe stopped at Carlisle following an youth event in Washington, D.C. It began with the simple question no one had thought to ask in earnest before, “Why aren’t we doing something to bring them home?”
The question ultimately led the Office of Army Cemeteries to begin the process of returning students’ remains to their tribal communities. Since 2017, the Office of Army Cemeteries – which oversees the Carlisle cemetery along with other military gravesites, including Arlington Cemetery – has disinterred and returned the remains of 32 children from the school’s cemetery. Still, 146 students have yet to be returned to their tribes prior to this fall’s disinterment.
Three former members of the Sicangu Youth Council, Chris Eagle Bear, Rachel Janis, and Jayden Whiting, were recognized and honored at the memorial service for initiating the return of Carlisle students.
“You know, 10 years later, I didn't expect to be where we are today. Because at the end of the day, we were just kids with a curious question,” said Chris Eagle Bear, 26, who is currently a Rosebud Sioux Tribe councilman.
“My generation is the first generation that is not a part of the boarding school era. And with that, we're able to share what we feel. We're able to speak on matters that a lot of our people couldn't speak on for a long time because they were scared,” Eagle Bear said. “The older generation started sharing their stories, started sharing things that they've never shared before with anyone.”
Janis called the relatives of the three students forward for a ceremony of healing and compassion near the end of the event.
“We are still in mourning over it. It's a good thing that we can get over it now, because sometimes we walk around with sadness and mourning, and we don't even know we're in mourning ’til we get a physical sickness like diabetes,” he said.
For Justin Pourier, the Oglala Sioux Tribal Historical Preservation Officer, who had gone to Carlisle and accompanied them on their homecoming, there was the satisfaction of a mission accomplished. He often thought of all they had endured and felt a love and an attachment to the three students.
Yet, there was so much more work to be done. Pourier thought about other Oglala Lakota children who remain buried at other boarding school cemeteries and artifacts in the possession of museums and academic institutions. He spoke at the event of the Oglala Lakota students buried at the White’s Indiana Manual Labor Institute, a Quaker-run, Native American residential school in Wabash, Ind.,which was initially established by Quaker missionaries in 1862. And he talked about his hope to continue to have artifacts, such as war bonnets and moccasins with beautiful beadwork, returned from various museums to a place where Native youths could draw inspiration and pride in the beautiful craftsmanship.
“If they can see all these things, it reestablishes their pride and their sense of knowing who they are. I’m hoping it brings healing, and helps our children grow back into the strong nation we used to be,” Pourier had said while in Carlisle. “We can't afford to send a busload of kids all the way to New York to look at something that should be back home.”
As the morning of speeches and prayers came to a close Saturday, Michael Littlevoice, a Ponca and Omaha man living in Ponca City, Okla., asked permission to address the crowd. He had attended Chilocco Indian Agricultural School with Orville Flying Horse of McIntosh, S.D., in the early 1970s. He felt compelled to attend the two events to help the community heal and celebrate.
He performed an original composition on his flute inspired by the occasion. The haunting yet peaceful music echoed through the room, setting the mood for the reburial that would follow shortly, the ending to the long and unfortunate journey home of Fannie, Samuel and James. While he performed as an instrumental, he informed those gathered of the words:
“After all of these years, I'm home, I'm home. I'm home after all these years.”
This story was originally published on ICTNews.org.
https://www.grandforksherald.com/news/south-dakota/oglala-children-native-boarding-school-victims-laid-to-rest-in-weekend-long-ceremony
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Friday, May 17, 2024
Winnebago Tribe Sues the Army Over Native Children’s Remains at CARLISLE Cemetery
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But in a lawsuit now before the U.S. District Court in eastern Virginia, the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska argues Army officials are violating this federal law by delaying the return of two tribal members’ remains. Samuel Gilbert and Edward Hensley died as teenagers over a century ago while attending the nation’s first government-run Indian boarding school. A hearing in the case is set for July. In its filings to the federal court, the Winnebago Tribe objects to the bodies remaining at the Carlisle Barracks Main Post Cemetery in Pennsylvania, and seeks their return for culturally appropriate burials. Defendants include the U.S. Army, the Office of Army Cemeteries, and three employees who oversee the cemetery, which is located on the grounds of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. |
Tuesday, February 20, 2024
Carlisle Labor, Arrivals | Eugenics
Indian boys at work in shoe-makers shop at Carlisle Barracks
Choate, J. N. (John N.), 1848-1902
Sioux boys as they arrived at the Indian Training School, Carlisle Barracks, Oct. 5, 1879
Sioux girls as they arrived at the Indian Training School, Carlisle Barracks, Oct. 5th, 1879
Creator (cre): Choate, J. N. (John N.), 1848-1902
BORN TO BE A BURDEN?
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| Guineau Pigs at right (interbreeding is bad obviously) |
EUGENICS
Monday, February 5, 2024
Caught Red-Handed #Looters #Murder #NAGPRA (updated!)
By Trace Hentz, blog editor
In the new book ALMOST Dead Indians, the expectation of dead Indians is pretty evident: after first contact: 1,000+ massacres, slavery, plagues they spread via blankets, rotten food commodities, poisons that killed entire tribal communities, numerous scalp bounties, then the Lake Mohonk rich men like General Pratt suggesting all kids attend residential boarding schools (Carlisle Indian Industrial School) - these ideas were the best way to assimilate and KILL THE INDIAN and SAVE THE MAN... it's all there... we have proof.
But looting graves and theft was yet another way to kill the Indian, to hide what they did: plus they'd make money, get a college degree from somewhere, while they leveled and robbed thousands of mounds (and tribal massacre sites) that held our dead and our sacred items. See a pattern here?
It was expected we would all die... sooner than later... one way or the other.
Looting is proof. Our bones in museum collections is more proof. These museums and the looters got caught red-handed. Now they will pay for this atrocity. We are exposing them.
Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Chair Schatz Demands Institutions to Return Native Remains and Items to Tribes
For centuries, Native people had everything stolen from them – their lands, their water, their languages, and even their children. It wasn’t that long ago that it was the official policy of the United States government to terminate the existence of tribes and forcibly assimilate their citizens. And a big part of that unrelenting, inhumane policy was that the remains of Native ancestors and culturally significant items were also taken from them. Not with permission, but by force. Not discovered, but stolen. On battlefields and in cemeteries, under the cover of darkness or the guise of academic research.
Think about that. The U.S. government literally stole people’s bones. Soldiers and agents overturned graves and took whatever they could find. And these weren’t isolated incidents – they happened all across the country. In my home state of Hawai‘i, the remains of Native Hawaiians – or iwi kūpuna as they’re called – were routinely pillaged without any regard for the sanctity of the burials or Native Hawaiian culture.
And all of it was brought to some of the most venerable institutions – at home and abroad -- to be studied like biological specimens…displayed in museum exhibits as if they’re paintings on loan…or squirreled away in a professor’s office closet, never to be seen again.
The theft of hundreds of thousands of remains and items over generations was unconscionable in and of itself. But the legacy of that cruelty continues to this day because these museums and universities continue to hold onto these sacred items in violation of everything that is right and moral – and importantly, in violation of federal law.
Free BOOK PDF: email: tracelara@pm.me
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TODAY on NATIVE AMERICA CALLING
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Why are museums taking down Native exhibitions?
New language in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is prompting museums to pull some Native items from public display. The rule went into effect in January that requires museums to consult with tribes more comprehensively when it comes to Native artifacts. That’s because, even though they may not be the human remains or sacred items that NAGPRA historically referenced, many items held by museums, universities, and other institutions could have been looted from Native sites or otherwise taken under suspicious circumstances.
LINK: https://www.nativeamericacalling.com
👇
Return the Stolen Artifact, But Keep the Museum Label
Some museums have chosen to explain the removals they had made for reasons including not wanting to display racial stereotypes, reconsidering “whose perspectives receive prominence in our collections,” and discovering that an object was created by someone pretending to represent a cultural tradition. I have also seen signs in the Denver Museum of Nature and Manhattan’s American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) explaining that an empty slot in a case was once filled with an artifact restored to a Native American community.
+
During District Attorney Bragg’s tenure, the ATU has recovered more than 800 antiquities stolen from 24 countries and valued at more than $155 million. Since its creation, the ATU has recovered nearly 4,500 antiquities stolen from 29 countries and valued at more than $375 million.
Under District Attorney Bragg, the Antiquities Trafficking Unit (ATU) has repatriated more than 950 antiquities stolen from 19 countries and valued at more than $165 million. Since its creation, the ATU has returned more than 2,450 antiquities to 24 countries and valued at more than $230 million.
https://manhattanda.org/d-a-bragg-returns-two-7th-century-antiquities-to-china/
click
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