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First Nations Canada: Eugenics
Seven facts about eugenics in Canada
- Of the more than 3000 eugenic sterilizations in Canada, the vast
majority were performed in Alberta under the direction of a Eugenics
Board.
- While eugenic sterilization waned across the world following the end
of the Second World War in 1945, Alberta’s sterilization program
continued until the repeal of the Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta in
1972.
- Leilani Muir won a landmark lawsuit against the province of Alberta
in 1996 for wrongful confinement and sterilization; two documentaries,
The Sterilization of Leilani Muir (1996) and Surviving Eugenics (2015) engage general audiences with issues that the case and its aftermath raise, and their significance for Canadians today.
- The explicit or implicit grounds for eugenic sterilization were
typically that a person’s undesirable mental or physical disabilities
were thought to be heritable, and that such a person was thus unsuitable
to parent.
- Although central amongst those targeted by eugenic practices were
people with a variety of disabilities, many children institutionalized,
sterilized, and otherwise subject to eugenic practices in Canada did not
in fact have disabilities.
- Members of other marginalized groups–single mothers, First
Nations and Métis people, eastern Europeans, and poor people—were
disproportionately represented amongst those subjected to eugenic ideas
and practices, such as sterilization.
- The legacy of eugenics, expressed in sterilization laws and in
social policies concerning immigration, schooling, and prenatal
screening, remains with us today.
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